حقوق زنان در سیره و آموزه های نبوی


مقدمه :
انسان از گذشته های دور تا به امروز در پی شناسایی حقوق خویش و در جهت تأمین و تضمین آن، همواره قربانی داده است انسان همان موجودی است که آفرینش وی در زیباترین شکل ممکن صورت پذیرفته و خداوند خود را نسبت به چنین آفرینش تحسین نموده و بر همین اساس جایگاه شایسته و اعمال امروز او مورد تأکید قرار گرفته است. و در قرآن آمده است که تنها انسان است که تاج کرامت بر سر او نهاده شده است و برای چنین انسانی برخورداری از حقوق ویژه امری طبیعی است و رابطة مستقیمی بین استعدادها و توانایی ها او با دامنة حقوقی وی دارد از نظر قرآن جنسیت مهم نیست آنچه که ملاک برتری است جنسیت نمی باشد بلکه در نزد خداوند تقوا است زن و مرد اگر چه از نظر جنسیت متفاوتند ولی از نظر انسانیت برابر هستند. علت تفاوت حقوق بین زن و مرد نظیر قضاوت، ارث، شهادت، تعده، زوجات، طلاق، ولایت و اموری از این قبیل را باید در تفاوت های وجودی میان زن و مرد جست و جو کرد. از نظر اسلام تفاوت های فراوانی میان زن و مرد از لحاظ جسمی، روانی، احساسی سبب گردیده است اسلام بر پایه فطرت انسانی، حقوق خویش را وضع نموده است با عنایت به این تفاوت های فراوانی میان زن و مرد از لحاظ جسمی، روانی، احساسی سبب گردیده است اسلام بر پایه فطرت انسانی، حقوق خویش را وضع نموده است با عنایت به این تفاوت های حقوقی برای زن و حقوقی برای مرد قائل شده است كه سر جمع برابری و تساوی میان آنها و نفی تبعیض جنسی است.
در این مقاله سعی شده است در مورد حقوق زنان در اسلام و آموزه های نبوی و همچنین در جوامع گذشته وضع و احوال آنان مورد بررسی قرار گیرد نگاه بدبینانه و شیء گونه نسبت به زن در متون منثور و منظوم ما دیده می شود به طور نمونه:

زن از پهلوی چپ شد آفریده             كسی از چپ، راستی هرگز ندیده
نظامی


فهرست مطالب:

عنوان ·········································································································· صفحه

مقدمه ··········································································································

حقوق و حیات اجتماعی زن در دنیای قدیم··················································

وضعیت و حقوق زنان در جامعه ی عرب···················································

تفاوت حقوق زن و مرد در اسلام (به طور مختصر)···································

1-   جهاد ·····························································································

2-   شهادت ··························································································

3-   زینت ·····························································································

4-   ستر (پوشش) حجاب ····································································

5-   دیه ································································································

6-   نکاح با غیر مسلمان  ·····································································

7-   نفقه ·······························································································

8-   طلاق ·····························································································

حقوق زن در اسلام (حقوق عمومی)····························································

1- همسانی زن و مرد از حیث ارزش وجودی ···········································

2- برابری دختر و پسر ···············································································

3-  اهلیت ·····································································································

4- مالکیت ····································································································

5- ارث ········································································································

6- تحصیل ···································································································

7- اشتغال ····································································································

8- قضاوت ··································································································

9- شهادت····································································································

10- آزادی عقیده و بیان··············································································

11- مشارکت سیاسی ·················································································

حقوق اختصاصی زن در اسلام (به طور مختصر)······································

1- آزادی زن در انتخاب همسر···································································

2- مهریه ·····································································································

3- نفقه ·········································································································

4- حضانت و رضاع ····················································································

5- حقوق معاشرت با زن ············································································

6- طلاق ·······································································································

حقوق زن در نظام جمهوری اسلامی ·························································

نتیجه گیری ·································································································